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癌症一直是備受關注的議題，至今已累積不少證據，癌細胞的新陳代謝與普通細胞有著與別不同的地方。1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAJdiLwMz7M
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不少科學家深信，若然能夠針對癌細胞獨有的新陳代謝機制，將能更有效及針對性抑壓癌細胞的生長，甚至是殲滅它們。1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ8cSDaPLkq
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近日，有科學家發表文章（Ref1)，提出新的證據顯示新陳代謝對於癌細胞擴展的重要性。1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHowbzHAlmS
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圖1）講解文章內容之前，我們需要快速學習一下相關的術語。1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbq16YCJ00V
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腫瘤由原來的位置轉移到另外一個器官，整個過程我們稱之為Metastasis。1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtSvbgcTKYj
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Primary Tumor(原發腫瘤)就是指原本被發現的癌細胞所在地，癌細胞會透過血液循環系統(Blood Circulatory System)或者淋巴系統(Lymphatic System)而從原本的位置轉移到另外一個器官，若然癌細胞能夠在第二個器官順利安頓下來及繁殖生長的話，我們會稱那腫瘤為Secondary Tumor（繼發性腫瘤）。1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU2MhcdhXLo
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非常遺憾地，很多癌症病人的死因就在於Metastasis的發生，亦即是繼發性腫瘤的出現。1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMVskgnO4dK
所以現今有不少科學家致力研究癌細胞Metastasis的機制，希望可以找出有效的方法阻止其發生。1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ68j0yPigtG
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（圖2）科學家們分別從30歲以下人士及60歲以上人士抽取其血清用作培養癌細胞之用。1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRqiKs1nXHG
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他們發現，利用60歲以上人士血清培養過的癌細胞，將比30歲以下人士的1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeiGndfTblW
1.更呈化療藥物抗藥性1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkS9M6cbT5g
2.更容易使癌細胞出現Metastasis1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBdDYFOGXuI
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（圖3）經過一大輪的實驗後，科學家們發現60歲以上人士的血清含有更多methylmalonic acid (MMA)。1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJCnpHU1UBD
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當清除血清裡的MMA過後，血清亦因而失去誘導癌細胞發生Metastasis的功能；1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQUWIBaNWXH
MMA的來源，已知是由代謝蛋白質及脂肪的時候會產生出來。1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU48ltJ2W6N
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而他們亦證實，脂肪結構會協助MMA更有效率進入癌細胞，誘發一系列的過程誘使Metastasis發生。1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU5amgKuBYI
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確實究竟是甚麼的脂肪結構，以及為何年老人士會有較多的MMA，暫時還沒能搞清楚。1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ511xj40jOL
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缺乏維他命B12，已被確定為會引致更多MMA的產生，但是從60歲以上人士的血清裡頭並沒有發現維他命B12與血清的MMA有直接的關聯，相信一定是有其他的原因導致MMA濃度的增加。1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqHZNVi8xJc
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要注意的是，文章所說的是，MMA有著誘導癌細胞進行Metastasis功效，而不是指MMA能夠誘導細胞轉化成為癌細胞。1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCQinNqOiy1
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總結來說，隨著歲數的增加，我們身體裡的MMA濃度亦會增加，提供了一個「良好」的環境讓癌細胞進行Metastasis。1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkziOyNhk4S
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無論如何，如何想利用這結果來進一步發展日後的癌細胞醫療方法，還需要深入搞清楚裡頭的機制才行。1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYcGUaokEK3
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl407Vm97v3
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwliOUaSeK2
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8UIPb5KHcU
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https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV59rWRZh0D
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有興趣接收科普資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。1071Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5PX6USLazw
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2630-08964 copyright protection1067ＰＥＮＡＮＡTVIqBZmIFc 維尼

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