我們身體的肌肉能夠採納不同款式的營養以支撐其所需。而在馬拉松這種長距離跑步的運動中,脂肪及碳水化合物則為兩種最為舉足輕重的營養。419Please respect copyright.PENANAbmSqZNQe1R
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第一集我們粗略計算過身體脂肪所能夠提供的卡路里,至少足夠應付4次平地馬拉松有多。419Please respect copyright.PENANA5tMADZpTqu
今集將會以同樣的方式剖釋身體裡頭碳水化合物能夠提供的卡路里。419Please respect copyright.PENANANIIfjcS3pf
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第一集:深入淺出–點解瘦削運動員都能夠跑畢馬拉松全程?419Please respect copyright.PENANAmu11Y4dJF8
- 分享自 LIHKG 討論區419Please respect copyright.PENANAoNdnD1td2f
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(圖2)當我們攝取多於身體所需的碳水化合物,它們便會以糖原(Glycogen)或者脂肪的方式儲存在身體內。419Please respect copyright.PENANAcCAUc6QGcK
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肝臟及肌肉分別為糖原的兩大儲存位置。419Please respect copyright.PENANAaY1hT4Trjj
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當身體血糖過低的時候,肝臟的糖原就會分解成為葡萄糖送到血液循環系統內,維持血糖水平。419Please respect copyright.PENANAw32VWorEPT
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然而,肌肉的糖原只會留給自己所需,並不會供應到血液循環系統去。419Please respect copyright.PENANA98NPgf6Zng
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(圖3)如圖中所見,此為身體裡頭碳水化合物所能夠提供得到的卡路里推算。肝臟糖原數值取自Ref1、2,而肌肉糖原數值取自Ref3。419Please respect copyright.PENANAUvk7GBOp6H
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(圖4)如圖中所見,以70kg的男人為例的話,馬拉松總消耗總卡路里(2950kcal),身體脂肪的卡路里應付有餘,而身體碳水化合物的卡路里則非常勉強地能夠抵銷。419Please respect copyright.PENANAKRLTSvXvWQ
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但是,既然脂肪卡路里足夠提供得到馬拉松所需的話,為何我們還要深究糖原那一方面呢?419Please respect copyright.PENANA0THIPXdPx6
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(圖5)這是因為,運動的強度,將會左右身體決定選取脂肪還是碳水化合物作肌肉能量的來源。419Please respect copyright.PENANAJoYU7Z6ofK
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只不過,運動的強度因人而異,如圖中所指出的例子,這個情況下又應該如何定義各自的運動強度呢?419Please respect copyright.PENANABuMIwSm15j
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(圖6)如何有效定義各自的運動強度,將取決於運動時候身體吸入氧氣的比率。419Please respect copyright.PENANAfPZ1PZhcD2
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VO2max是一個參數,定義為每1kg每1分鐘最大吸取幾多毫升氧氣的量;419Please respect copyright.PENANAyocfkw4ozx
經常運動的人士, VO2max會較為高。419Please respect copyright.PENANAqCBohFgGG1
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實驗儀器可以得出最準確的VO2max數值,坊間的運動手錶亦都能夠量度得到。419Please respect copyright.PENANAmLR3mUxqvu
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如圖中算式所示,。VO2max的百分比越大的話,我們便能夠定義為運動強度亦為之越大。419Please respect copyright.PENANAiMLtRq7ZLb
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(圖7)而。VO2max的數值大小,將會是身體選取脂肪還是碳水化合物作肌肉能量來源的指標(Ref4)。419Please respect copyright.PENANAEYXZ0OWsKu
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越高。VO2max數值的話,身體便會傾向使用碳水化合物亦即是糖原。圖中兩位仁兄的情況,亦展示得到。VO2max數值對於身體新陳代謝的效果。419Please respect copyright.PENANAoxFP9dAMyP
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(圖8)現今運動學上有非常之多的說法,其中一種門派的說法是,當身體的糖原被完全耗盡的時候,身體便會出現力有不繼、不支倒地的現象,亦稱之為HITTING THE WALL。419Please respect copyright.PENANAheihfBnsR3
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(圖9)從圖中可以看見,。VO2max越高的話,身體亦會更趨向使用碳水化合物(糖原)。419Please respect copyright.PENANAAGe4xLflC7
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變相來說,如果VO2max在馬拉松期間一直處於高企的話,碳水化合物(糖原)相對上的消耗量亦會增大,引致身體糖原量完全消耗的機率大增,出現HITTING THE WALL的現象。419Please respect copyright.PENANAfwlGaizOZ4
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(圖10)那麼,以糖原門派學說的角度來看,如何可以盡量避免HITTING THE WALL發生呢?419Please respect copyright.PENANAUfn0wTOQTz
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下列為其中三點:419Please respect copyright.PENANAeQZ0U46kz8
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1.事前採用飲食管理,增大糖原儲存量。419Please respect copyright.PENANAnfuM6aGYe1
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2.不斷進行鍛鍊,增加自身的VO2max數值,減低運動時候的。VO2max數值,誘導身體盡量使用脂肪作肌肉能源。419Please respect copyright.PENANAxkqsZOL2PB
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3.減慢步速,減低運動時候的。VO2max數值。419Please respect copyright.PENANAXqcE7GdV5J
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在這裡我們亦可以與第一篇首尾呼應,單憑計算體脂而忽略糖原引伸出的HITTING THE WALL問題,就是箇中計算方式的其中一個大漏洞。419Please respect copyright.PENANA5f4OO8306e
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。419Please respect copyright.PENANALDfEIjOrdd
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc419Please respect copyright.PENANA9tUFpbGj2x
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。419Please respect copyright.PENANA7OXrLkdbaz
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Link:419Please respect copyright.PENANAk5iTPd9PmJ
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio419Please respect copyright.PENANAsBA2O0L7Tb
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。419Please respect copyright.PENANAJ7nDAKEaYE
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Ref1:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3165600/419Please respect copyright.PENANAnyghi90M0y
Ref2:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4771101/419Please respect copyright.PENANAjMwtdqAPMj
Ref3:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12048325/419Please respect copyright.PENANAGCtO61Pcjk
Ref4:https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000960
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