現今科技發達，藥物大多數也能夠在實驗室或藥廠裡利用化學物合成出來。565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCqi3A78xq6
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但若果藥物主要成份的結構實在是太過複雜的話，有時候利用人工合成的方法製造只會吃力不討好，不符合經濟效益。565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7MIxXnoV3a
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就以治療神經肌肉問題等疾病為例的Tropane alkaloids(TAs)，主要情況下均是會從特定品種的植物裡頭提取出來;565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCsFVRxjuRZ
565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeDdDnFZOsT
隸屬TAs類別的hyoscyamine及scopolamine可以與acetylcholine receptor結合，更有著解除俄國神經毒素Novichok的能力。565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGNBicztng8
565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuPaX7BaBhY
俄國神經毒素Novichok延伸閱讀：https://www.penana.com/article/477009565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIYkhgSfuIZ
565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgj1VjHudH3
（圖2）科學家一直致力研究增強培植產生TAs植物的方法，但人口增長快速，相關藥物供不應求的問題開始湧現。565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU9QPadLXC2
565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡowA1UGjsSG
565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIoBC7BIOPY
再加上植物佔據大量空間及資源，而且生長需時，還有害蟲侵蝕植物導致產量下降各種問題需要關注，長遠來說顯然需要另一種手段製作藥物。565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl6r2brGMd2
565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi2aq58Fcqy
（圖3）近日，有科學家發表文章（Ref1)，利用生長快、易打理的酵母(yeast)來解決這問題。565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡankUz526nH
565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZlJ8xRWyAx
他們利用CRISPR基因編輯技術，將26種來自細菌及植物的基因（其中一種更是燕麥的基因）加進酵母裡頭，強迫酵母利用葡萄糖及氨基酸轉化成為有用的TAs。565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz94b4GDQlz
565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWbO52C8ZZP
565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOcLoSR1GmZ
CRISPR基因編輯技術延伸閱讀：https://www.penana.com/article/465369565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpRKzrQE0Qf
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過程中他們更分門別類將相應的酵素安放在酵母各個位置，以及刪走一些礙事的基因，務求令到酵母一心一意為製作藥物為主。565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBJ8S7QULfS
565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsNmNWI59OE
暫時他們做到的產量為每一公升酵母能夠生產出30-80 μg TAs，有望在1-2年後提升至每升5g，踏進真實市場裡頭運作。565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx1ulbbwe3l
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（1g=1000mg，1mg=1000 μg)565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJFvlkIW9ef
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbl2w4kpZOD
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu2J9UcQWZM
565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpFr119YDy1
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsUThDfXja6
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Link:565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX3qFlc0LY1
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVoq4VocSf4
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdzunbjdE90
565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7IEIewfWG1
Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2650-9565Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQk9MN69OJ8
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